Linux查看硬件信息常用命令

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1. lscpu

用于查询CPU信息

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[root@node105 ~]# lscpu 
Architecture:          x86_64                      #CPU架构
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit             
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                20                          #逻辑cpu颗数
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-19                        
Thread(s) per core:    1                            #每个CPU插槽核数/每颗物理CPU核数
Core(s) per socket:    10                            
Socket(s):             2
NUMA node(s):          2
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel                #CPU厂商ID
CPU family:            6                            
Model:                 79                     
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               2095.148                    #CPU主频
BogoMIPS:              4190.29
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full                        #CPU支持的虚拟化技术
L1d cache:             32K                         #一级缓存。cpu的L1数据缓存
L1i cache:             32K                         #一级缓存，L1指令缓存
L2 cache:              256K                        #二级缓存
L3 cache:              20480K                      #三级缓存
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-9
NUMA node1 CPU(s):     10-19
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm 3dnowprefetch epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts
[root@node105 ~]#

2. lshw

用于显示硬件信息表

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 description: Computer
    product: 6ffc6a2a-bf81-47f7-aac4-601e5655113f
    vendor: QEMU
    version: Standard
    width: 64 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.8 dmi-2.8 smp vsyscall32
    configuration: boot=normal family=Virtual Machine uuid=2A6AFC6F-81BF-F747-AAC4-601E5655113F
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       physical id: 0
     *-firmware
          description: BIOS
          vendor: SeaBIOS
          physical id: 0
          version: seabios-1.7.5-11.el7
          date: 04/01/2014
          size: 96KiB
     *-cpu:0
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4114 CPU @ 2.20GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          vendor_id: GenuineIntel
          physical id: 400
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: RHEL 7.3.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
          slot: CPU 0
          size: 2GHz
          capacity: 2GHz
          width: 64 bits
          capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 con
stant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm
abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xge
tbv1 arat
          configuration: cores=1 enabledcores=1 threads=1
     *-cpu:1
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4114 CPU @ 2.20GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          vendor_id: GenuineIntel
          physical id: 401
          bus info: cpu@1
          version: RHEL 7.3.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
          slot: CPU 1

3. lsblk

用于列出块设备的信息

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[root@xxx ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  400G  0 disk
└─sda1   8:1    0  400G  0 part /
loop0    7:0    0  918M  0 loop /mnt/cdrom

4. lsscsi

用于列出SCSI的设备信息

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[root@xxx ~]# lsscsi
[2:0:0:0]    disk    QEMU     QEMU HARDDISK    2.5+  /dev/sda

5. fdisk

看硬盘和分区的详细信息

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fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：429.5 GB, 429496729600 字节，838860800 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000a0d6e

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   838860766   419429359+  83  Linux

磁盘 /dev/loop0：962 MB, 962592768 字节，1880064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x104bed34

      设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/loop0p1   *           0     1880063      940032    0  Empty
/dev/loop0p2             440       17847        8704   ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/32)

6. ethtool

查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标 

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[root@kafka116 ~]# ethtool enp7s0f0          #注意，这里的enp7s0f0是网卡的名称
Settings for enp7s0f0:
        Supported ports: [ TP ]
        Supported link modes:   100baseT/Full 
                                1000baseT/Full 
                                10000baseT/Full     #支持万兆全双工模式
        Supported pause frame use: Symmetric
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes              #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  100baseT/Full 
                                1000baseT/Full 
                                10000baseT/Full 
        Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric
        Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes            #默认使用自适应模式
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: 10000Mb/s                          #现在网卡的速度是万兆Mb/s,
        Duplex: Full　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#当前是全双工模式
        Port: Twisted Pair
        PHYAD: 0
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: on
        MDI-X: Unknown
        Supports Wake-on: umbg
        Wake-on: g
        Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
                               drv probe link
        Link detected: yes                        #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的，这可以使用“ifconfig”或者“ip a”查看操作系统中网卡的是否是UP状态。
[root@kafka116 ~]#

7. dmidecode

一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

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[root@kafka116 ~]# dmidecode -t bios           #查看bios信息
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.0 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
        Version: 4.1.16
        Release Date: 06/21/2018
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 8192 kB
        Characteristics:
                PCI is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                BIOS ROM is socketed
                EDD is supported
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
                UEFI is supported
        BIOS Revision: 5.6

Handle 0x0066, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
        Language Description Format: Long
        Installable Languages: 1
                en|US|iso8859-1
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1